Star Tribune March 26, 2014 -----Medical marijuana advocates bash Dayton, urge him to pass law
Posted by: Baird Helgeson under Gov. Mark Dayton, Minnesota legislature, Democrats, Republicans Updated: March 26, 2014 - 3:29 PM—美國星條論壇在今年三月二十六日出刊的明尼蘇達州州立法議員—
Baird Helgeson 文章(Medical Marijuana Advocates Bash Dayton, Urge Him to Pass Law
April 08, 2014 | 2,112 views—Mercula com.)
大麻(marijuana)在美國有20 州使用在醫療是合法的,;; 去年有科羅拉多與華盛頓兩州,通過立法,成為合法購買的(滿23歲)商品;;
……….
在19-20 世紀, 大麻是很通常得止痛藥,欣慰(迷幻)藥, 直到1970年美國立法成為非法藥物(--illicit); 它的背景是越戰期間,普遍美國人苦悶, 迷失, 所以強烈需求類似大麻類的迷幻劑!!這成社會問題, 另外就是許多大藥廠陸續開發止痛藥等—賺錢!!!..........
目前從新研究大麻(marijuana, cannabis…)等成分,止痛或癌症末期病患的緩和治療,相當有效;; 甚至有治療肺臟癌(basal cells)有很好效果!!!!.......
我們對傳統醫療或草藥治療,缺乏應有的知識, 等中國大陸醫師來台,就以中國傳統醫療(針灸,按摩--整肌等), 或許多中草藥,以食品添加劑進口, 我們年輕醫師卻沒有這方面知識(常識?), 如何與其競爭?!..................
台大醫學院為了醫美(科技產品,還是外國公司賺走了錢!!!)可以開一個學分的皮膚科的課程; 卻不知開一些傳統醫療(草藥-hurb drugs等知識!!!)真是對年輕人不公平!!!
如果有人討論,再談吧!!!....."反服貿"對年輕人有甚麼意義?!
合法藥物與非法藥物的認知!!!
版主: 版主021
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李誠民
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Re: 合法藥物與非法藥物的認知!!!
今年三月31日的Medline有新加波大學的一篇文章; -- Fluorescent Dye May Help Spot Date-Rape Drug in Drinks---GHB是普遍使用的強姦藥物,無色, 無味; 常被添加在淡酒中,; 假如加入螢光劑在30秒鐘即能產生顏色:!!!....
在美國肥胖或酗酒都是CDC(疾病管制局)在研究 調查 管理!!!
GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyric acid), a central nervous system depressant, is one of the most commonly used date-rape drugs. Spiking drinks with GHB, which is odorless and colorless, incapacitates victims, making them vulnerable to sexual assault.
When the fluorescent compound is mixed with a sample of drink containing GHB, the mixture changes color in less than 30 seconds, according to the research team at the National University of Singapore.
“GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyric acid), a central nervous system depressant, is one of the most commonly used date-rape drugs. Spiking drinks with GHB, which is odorless and colorless, incapacitates victims, making them vulnerable to sexual assault.
When the fluorescent compound is mixed with a sample of drink containing GHB, the mixture changes color in less than 30 seconds, according to the research team at the National University of Singapore."
酗酒往往會與興奮劑(Amphetamin, epinephrine-like or 咖啡因並用),但往往只是加重酒精中毒效果, 得到興奮與欣樂感外, 沒有其他好處(--甚至從K-tamin, 升級到Amphetamin,; cocain- like or opiod-like drugs等非法藥物!!!); 台灣監獄有70%以上是煙毒犯!!!--耗費大量社會成本!!!......
以美國為例買酒是要滿23歲(18歲成年); 就是"似懂非懂"的多是teenage(college student), 所以防治重點在大學生!!!......台灣似乎還沒有類似美國CDC的防治 宣導單位,; 國民健康局不必了---太政治化了!!!.......
Energy drinks and alcohol: research supported by industry may be downplaying harms
BMJ 2013; 347 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f5345 (Published 10 September 2013)
Cite this as: BMJ 2013;347:f5345
Mixing alcohol with so called energy drinks has become popular, but with what risk? Peter Miller worries that research does not consider real world levels of consumption and that researchers’ conflicts of interest need to be declared in full
Concern is growing about the harms that may arise from heavy drinkers mixing alcohol with so called energy drinks to enable them to drink for longer and achieve higher levels of intoxication. On Friday and Saturday evenings, about 40% of people on Australian city streets are heavily intoxicated (breath alcohol concentrations (BAC) greater than 0.087 mg alcohol/100 ml) and nearly a quarter of these drinkers will have consumed more than two energy drinks.1 Data are lacking on energy drink use by alcohol drinkers in other countries but in samples, 73% of US college students2 and 85% of Italian college students3 reported consuming energy drinks mixed with alcohol in the past month.
…….The role that energy drinks may play in facilitating intoxication is under-researched. Because of ethical concerns about people getting too drunk and drinking too many energy drinks, much of the research in laboratory settings has studied only the effects of combining low levels of alcohol intoxication (BAC less than 0.1 mg alcohol/100 ml) with a single energy drink (equivalent to a strong cup of coffee)
在美國肥胖或酗酒都是CDC(疾病管制局)在研究 調查 管理!!!
GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyric acid), a central nervous system depressant, is one of the most commonly used date-rape drugs. Spiking drinks with GHB, which is odorless and colorless, incapacitates victims, making them vulnerable to sexual assault.
When the fluorescent compound is mixed with a sample of drink containing GHB, the mixture changes color in less than 30 seconds, according to the research team at the National University of Singapore.
“GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyric acid), a central nervous system depressant, is one of the most commonly used date-rape drugs. Spiking drinks with GHB, which is odorless and colorless, incapacitates victims, making them vulnerable to sexual assault.
When the fluorescent compound is mixed with a sample of drink containing GHB, the mixture changes color in less than 30 seconds, according to the research team at the National University of Singapore."
酗酒往往會與興奮劑(Amphetamin, epinephrine-like or 咖啡因並用),但往往只是加重酒精中毒效果, 得到興奮與欣樂感外, 沒有其他好處(--甚至從K-tamin, 升級到Amphetamin,; cocain- like or opiod-like drugs等非法藥物!!!); 台灣監獄有70%以上是煙毒犯!!!--耗費大量社會成本!!!......
以美國為例買酒是要滿23歲(18歲成年); 就是"似懂非懂"的多是teenage(college student), 所以防治重點在大學生!!!......台灣似乎還沒有類似美國CDC的防治 宣導單位,; 國民健康局不必了---太政治化了!!!.......
Energy drinks and alcohol: research supported by industry may be downplaying harms
BMJ 2013; 347 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f5345 (Published 10 September 2013)
Cite this as: BMJ 2013;347:f5345
Mixing alcohol with so called energy drinks has become popular, but with what risk? Peter Miller worries that research does not consider real world levels of consumption and that researchers’ conflicts of interest need to be declared in full
Concern is growing about the harms that may arise from heavy drinkers mixing alcohol with so called energy drinks to enable them to drink for longer and achieve higher levels of intoxication. On Friday and Saturday evenings, about 40% of people on Australian city streets are heavily intoxicated (breath alcohol concentrations (BAC) greater than 0.087 mg alcohol/100 ml) and nearly a quarter of these drinkers will have consumed more than two energy drinks.1 Data are lacking on energy drink use by alcohol drinkers in other countries but in samples, 73% of US college students2 and 85% of Italian college students3 reported consuming energy drinks mixed with alcohol in the past month.
…….The role that energy drinks may play in facilitating intoxication is under-researched. Because of ethical concerns about people getting too drunk and drinking too many energy drinks, much of the research in laboratory settings has studied only the effects of combining low levels of alcohol intoxication (BAC less than 0.1 mg alcohol/100 ml) with a single energy drink (equivalent to a strong cup of coffee)
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李誠民
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Re: 合法藥物與非法藥物的認知!!!
Medicinal Use of Marijuana
N Engl J Med 2013; 368:866-868February 28, 2013DOI: 10
Case Vignette
Marilyn 是68 歲乳癌婦女, 合併肺 胸與腰椎的轉移, 目前接受Doxorubicin的化療, 食欲與營養甚差,並且胸 腰椎疼痛; 她使用ondansetron 與 prochlorperazine止吐, 但效果差; 同時她每8小時用1000毫克的Acetaminophen—Panadol, telynol止痛(目前FDA建議不要超過325mg, 以免肝 腎受傷害!!); 有時她晚上要用5-10mg oxytodone止痛;
她去見了家庭醫師(Primary care physician)問是否可以使用marijuana(大麻),正好她住在醫療使用marijuana合法的州, 醫師建議種植大麻來使用, 減輕她的症狀, 有其他選擇嗎?!.........
Option 1: Recommend the Medicinal Use of Marijuana---多數是贊成,理由相當有趣!!!......請自行參閱!!!
Option 2: Recommend against the Medicinal Use of Marijuana
“”Marilyn is a 68-year-old woman with breast cancer metastatic to the lungs and the thoracic and lumbar spine. She is currently undergoing chemotherapy with doxorubicin. She reports having very low energy, minimal appetite, and substantial pain in her thoracic and lumbar spine. For relief of nausea, she has taken ondansetron and prochlorperazine, with minimal success. She has been taking 1000 mg of acetaminophen every 8 hours for the pain. Sometimes at night she takes 5 mg or 10 mg of oxycodone to help provide pain relief. During a visit with her primary care physician she asks about the possibility of using marijuana to help alleviate the nausea, pain, and fatigue. She lives in a state that allows marijuana for personal medicinal use, and she says her family could grow the plants. As her physician, what advice would you offer with regard to the use of marijuana to alleviate her current symptoms? Do you believe that the overall medicinal benefits of marijuana outweigh the risks and potential harm
Treatment Options””
Option 1: Recommend the Medicinal Use of Marijuana
Option 2: Recommend against the Medicinal Use of Marijuana
N Engl J Med 2013; 368:866-868February 28, 2013DOI: 10
Case Vignette
Marilyn 是68 歲乳癌婦女, 合併肺 胸與腰椎的轉移, 目前接受Doxorubicin的化療, 食欲與營養甚差,並且胸 腰椎疼痛; 她使用ondansetron 與 prochlorperazine止吐, 但效果差; 同時她每8小時用1000毫克的Acetaminophen—Panadol, telynol止痛(目前FDA建議不要超過325mg, 以免肝 腎受傷害!!); 有時她晚上要用5-10mg oxytodone止痛;
她去見了家庭醫師(Primary care physician)問是否可以使用marijuana(大麻),正好她住在醫療使用marijuana合法的州, 醫師建議種植大麻來使用, 減輕她的症狀, 有其他選擇嗎?!.........
Option 1: Recommend the Medicinal Use of Marijuana---多數是贊成,理由相當有趣!!!......請自行參閱!!!
Option 2: Recommend against the Medicinal Use of Marijuana
“”Marilyn is a 68-year-old woman with breast cancer metastatic to the lungs and the thoracic and lumbar spine. She is currently undergoing chemotherapy with doxorubicin. She reports having very low energy, minimal appetite, and substantial pain in her thoracic and lumbar spine. For relief of nausea, she has taken ondansetron and prochlorperazine, with minimal success. She has been taking 1000 mg of acetaminophen every 8 hours for the pain. Sometimes at night she takes 5 mg or 10 mg of oxycodone to help provide pain relief. During a visit with her primary care physician she asks about the possibility of using marijuana to help alleviate the nausea, pain, and fatigue. She lives in a state that allows marijuana for personal medicinal use, and she says her family could grow the plants. As her physician, what advice would you offer with regard to the use of marijuana to alleviate her current symptoms? Do you believe that the overall medicinal benefits of marijuana outweigh the risks and potential harm
Treatment Options””
Option 1: Recommend the Medicinal Use of Marijuana
Option 2: Recommend against the Medicinal Use of Marijuana
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李誠民
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- 文章: 1467
- 註冊時間: 週三 6月 23, 2010 10:18 am
Re: 合法藥物與非法藥物的認知!!!
Canadian court decision challenges new rules on medical marijuana
BMJ 2014; 348 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g2369 (Published 25 March 2014)
Cite this as: BMJ 2014;348:g2369
今年四月一日加拿大聯邦政府通過可以在自家種大麻, ; 在2001年只有88 個贊成, 目前有37,000個贊成, 預計到2024年會增加至304,000;;……..
去年生產190,000公斤,足夠每天可以捲50-90菸捲, 政府宣稱::將轉變”黑市”情況!!!.......
醫生的角色也將改變, 以前只是開證明(certify), 現在要告訴購買人的每日最大使用量(specifying a maximum daily dose),-而可以在有執照的供應處購買!!!
這個改變並部受到醫師歡迎, 因為勉強當醫療大麻的守門員!!!與訓練和倫理是相對立的!!!
“”Canada’s rules on producing and prescribing medical marijuana are set to change radically on 1 April as the federal government seeks to eliminate home growers’ permits that it says have led to “unintended consequences” and “exponential growth” in the industry. But a last minute injunction from a federal court means that the law will go into effect with its key provision—that home growers destroy their plants—suspended.
The Marihuana大麻煙; 大麻毒品for Medical Purposes Regulations removed the right of medical marijuana permit holders to grow their own plants or buy marijuana from other permit holders. Instead, the regulations aimed to limit production to about 20 licensed commercial producers and to require permit holders to order dried cannabis from the producers by mail.””
But a legal challenge by five permit holders from British Columbia has resulted in an injunction that allows growers to keep their marijuana plants while the courts review the constitutionality of the new regulations.
……. Health Canada, the federal health department, argued that its marijuana access programme had granted 88 permits in its first year (2001) and now granted 37 000. The government predicted that the number of authorised users would climb to 304 000 by 2024……
………. three million plants legally cultivated last year produced 190 000 kg of dried marijuana—enough for each authorised user to roll 54 to 90 cigarettes a day. The government alleged that much of this was diverted ; to the black market………
………. Doctors’ roles will also change. In the past doctors had only to certify that a patient had certain symptoms or conditions, and the patient would then apply to Health Canada for a permit. In the future, they will authorise patients’ use of marijuana directly by completing a form specifying a maximum daily dose, which the patient may use to buy marijuana from a licensed provider………
The changes have not been welcomed by most Canadian doctors, who are reluctant to be gatekeepers for medical marijuana. “Asking physicians to prescribe drugs that have not been clinically tested runs contrary to their training and ethics,” said Anna Reid, president of the Canadian Medical Association.
BMJ 2014; 348 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g2369 (Published 25 March 2014)
Cite this as: BMJ 2014;348:g2369
今年四月一日加拿大聯邦政府通過可以在自家種大麻, ; 在2001年只有88 個贊成, 目前有37,000個贊成, 預計到2024年會增加至304,000;;……..
去年生產190,000公斤,足夠每天可以捲50-90菸捲, 政府宣稱::將轉變”黑市”情況!!!.......
醫生的角色也將改變, 以前只是開證明(certify), 現在要告訴購買人的每日最大使用量(specifying a maximum daily dose),-而可以在有執照的供應處購買!!!
這個改變並部受到醫師歡迎, 因為勉強當醫療大麻的守門員!!!與訓練和倫理是相對立的!!!
“”Canada’s rules on producing and prescribing medical marijuana are set to change radically on 1 April as the federal government seeks to eliminate home growers’ permits that it says have led to “unintended consequences” and “exponential growth” in the industry. But a last minute injunction from a federal court means that the law will go into effect with its key provision—that home growers destroy their plants—suspended.
The Marihuana大麻煙; 大麻毒品for Medical Purposes Regulations removed the right of medical marijuana permit holders to grow their own plants or buy marijuana from other permit holders. Instead, the regulations aimed to limit production to about 20 licensed commercial producers and to require permit holders to order dried cannabis from the producers by mail.””
But a legal challenge by five permit holders from British Columbia has resulted in an injunction that allows growers to keep their marijuana plants while the courts review the constitutionality of the new regulations.
……. Health Canada, the federal health department, argued that its marijuana access programme had granted 88 permits in its first year (2001) and now granted 37 000. The government predicted that the number of authorised users would climb to 304 000 by 2024……
………. three million plants legally cultivated last year produced 190 000 kg of dried marijuana—enough for each authorised user to roll 54 to 90 cigarettes a day. The government alleged that much of this was diverted ; to the black market………
………. Doctors’ roles will also change. In the past doctors had only to certify that a patient had certain symptoms or conditions, and the patient would then apply to Health Canada for a permit. In the future, they will authorise patients’ use of marijuana directly by completing a form specifying a maximum daily dose, which the patient may use to buy marijuana from a licensed provider………
The changes have not been welcomed by most Canadian doctors, who are reluctant to be gatekeepers for medical marijuana. “Asking physicians to prescribe drugs that have not been clinically tested runs contrary to their training and ethics,” said Anna Reid, president of the Canadian Medical Association.
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李誠民
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- 註冊時間: 週三 6月 23, 2010 10:18 am
Re: 合法藥物與非法藥物的認知!!!
Hazards of Hindsight — Monitoring the Safety of Nutritional Supplements
Pieter A. Cohen, M.D.
N Engl J Med 2014; 370:1277-1280April 3, 2014DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1315559
美國CDC最近證明夏威夷Honolulu 一個狡猾的肝臟移植外科醫師,是因為使用OxyEllite Pro.(一種普遍的食品添加劑), 造成肝炎與肝衰竭; 在2013年五月發生嚴重肝炎, FDA僅是從藥房下架,直到11月(四個月後) 並沒有學到這病例: 到2014年二月, CDC從47個醫院收集97病例:; 三個做肝臟移植,一個死亡!!!FD應有能力改善這種危險添加物!!!
FDA延遲反映造成生命危害的後遺症—令人遺憾的不適當的監控添加劑安全性問題!!! 美國每年要消耗85,000種添加維他命, 礦物質, 植物, 胺基酸與酵素食品補充劑, 金額高達三百二十億美元(32Billion):…..食品補充劑(diet suppl)不像藥品在商品上架前, 需做上市前的允許(Premarketing aproval);; 直到1994年通過添加物間康與教育法案(suppl.health and Education Act);; 任何標示食品補充劑需被允許是安全的, 直到在其它地方證明!!!.........y在2011年美國國防部就將DMAA在軍中基地去在軍中基地去除!!!(removed supplements containing the stimulant 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA) from military base);; 2014年冬季奧運有三個選手使用DMAA而被處罰!!!!
Epidemiologists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently confirmed what an astute liver-transplant surgeon in Honolulu already suspected: OxyElite Pro, a popular over-the-counter supplement, was responsible for a cluster of cases of severe hepatitis and liver failure.1 Although patients began to develop severe hepatitis in May 2013, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), whose job it is to remove dangerous supplements from store shelve, did not learn of the cases until mid-September, 4 months later. By February 2014, the CDC had linked 97 cases, resulting in 47 hospitalizations, three liver transplantations, and one death, to OxyElite Pro. This dietary supplement was recalled, but nothing has been done to prevent another supplement from causing organ failure or death. Nor have any changes been made to improve the FDA's ability to detect dangerous supplements.
The FDA's delayed response — with its life-threatening consequences — is attributable to our woefully inadequate system for monitoring supplement safety. Americans spend more than $32 billion a year on more than 85,000 different combinations of vitamins, minerals, botanicals, amino acids, probiotics, and other supplement ingredients. Unlike prescription medications, supplements do not require premarketing approval before they reach store shelves. Under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, anything labeled as a dietary supplement is assumed to be safe until proven otherwise. The FDA is charged with the unenviable task of identifying and removing dangerous supplements only after they have caused harm……….
……….. More than 500 supplements have already been found to be adulterated with pharmaceuticals or pharmaceutical analogues, including new stimulants, novel anabolic steroids, unapproved antidepressants, banned weight-loss medications, and untested sildenafil analogues………In 2013 alone, researchers discovered two new stimulants in widely marketed supplements. My colleagues and I identified a new analogue of methamphetamine, N,α-diethyl-phenylethylamine (N,α-DEPEA), in a popular sports supplement.3 FDA scientists discovered another stimulant, β-methylphenethylamine (β-MePEA) — a novel analogue of amphetamine — in nine supplements.4 N,α-DEPEA and β-MePEA have never been studied in humans, and their adverse effects are entirely unknown; yet they are sold as “natural” products without having undergone any premarketing testing for safety. (Although supplements containing N,α-DEPEA were voluntarily withdrawn from the market, supplements containing β-MePEA remain widely available.)……..
………in 2008, when a poorly manufactured multivitamin was responsible for more than 200 cases of selenium poisoning — with symptoms including diarrhea, fatigue, hair loss, and joint pain — local health departments cracked the case linking the illness to the multivitamin; MedWatch reports were irrelevant. More recently, in 2011, the Department of Defense removed supplements containing the stimulant 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA) from military bases because of safety concerns. It took the FDA an additional 16 months after the military ban to gather sufficient safety data from MedWatch to alert consumers about DMAA's risks. Despite a concerted effort by the FDA to remove the stimulant, DMAA remains in dozens of supplements. During the 2014 Winter Olympics, three Olympians were banned for using DMAA — all three reported inadvertently consuming it in supplements………..
What can be done? A bill currently being reviewed by committee, the Dietary Supplement Labeling Act, sponsored by Senators Dick Durbin (D-IL) and Richard Blumenthal (D-CT), would require supplement manufacturers to register their products with the FDA and to provide more safety information, such as information about known adverse effects, to consumers…………..
But even these ambitious changes would not prevent dangerous supplements from reaching consumers. If consumers and physicians are to have confidence that all supplements are safe, the law regulating supplements must be reformed. Every supplement ingredient should undergo rigorous safety testing before marketing. Until that happens, consumers and physicians cannot be assured that the pills, powders, and potions labeled as dietary supplements are safe for human consumption.
OxyElite Pro 仍在市面上暢銷,僅是將成分略做改變!!!b如將內含的咖啡因增加至135mg, 改為新配方::--因為事興奮劑與減肥 雕塑腹部脂肪填充劑----所以暢銷!!!FDAUS也無法可管?!
• To begin, there is no DMAA, or 1,3 Dimethylamylamine HCl.
While we maintain that it is still safe and effective when used properly, it is now banned in several countries outside of the US. This means that the original OxyELITE Pro was banned there as well. So USPLabs updated the product to have no DMAA, and replaced it with some other incredible thermogenic components.(B3agonists)
• Second, there’s now a bit more caffeine – 135mg per capsule. 2 capsules might hit you pretty hard, so start with 1! This was likely necessary due to the removal of DMAA.
• Next, there’s Noroclaurine HCl, also known as higenamine. The trade name of this formulation is “Norcoline™. ---阿里巴巴網站就有賣!!!—減肥劑 雕塑劑?!燃燒腹部脂肪的食品添加劑!!!
If this sounds familiar, it’s because this is the incredible new fat-burning stimulant that’s in Jack3d Micro. There’s way too much to discuss on this one, so if you want more information, see the Norcoclaurine / Higenamine page on Jack3dMicro.org, which has all sorts of charts and studies linked.
Short story – It’s a VERY safe, yet effective, fat targeting agent. Great for focus too!
• Aegeline – No doubt, this is the biggest question mark here.
Update: It turns out that my original analysis was a bit of a stretch. However, since Aegeline is a main player in Versa-1, the new anabolic supplement from USPLabs, we’ve been doing more research:
Aegle marmelos, commonly known as bael(The round to pear-shaped, yellowish edible fruit of a chiefly Indian tree (Aegle marmelos), used in southern Asia as a food and as a medicine to treat dysentery), Bengal quince,[1] golden apple,[1] stone apple, wood apple, bili,[2] is a species of tree native to India. It is present throughout Southeast Asia as a naturalized species.[3] The tree is considered to be sacred by Hindus. Its fruits are used in traditional medicine and as a food throughout its range
Pieter A. Cohen, M.D.
N Engl J Med 2014; 370:1277-1280April 3, 2014DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1315559
美國CDC最近證明夏威夷Honolulu 一個狡猾的肝臟移植外科醫師,是因為使用OxyEllite Pro.(一種普遍的食品添加劑), 造成肝炎與肝衰竭; 在2013年五月發生嚴重肝炎, FDA僅是從藥房下架,直到11月(四個月後) 並沒有學到這病例: 到2014年二月, CDC從47個醫院收集97病例:; 三個做肝臟移植,一個死亡!!!FD應有能力改善這種危險添加物!!!
FDA延遲反映造成生命危害的後遺症—令人遺憾的不適當的監控添加劑安全性問題!!! 美國每年要消耗85,000種添加維他命, 礦物質, 植物, 胺基酸與酵素食品補充劑, 金額高達三百二十億美元(32Billion):…..食品補充劑(diet suppl)不像藥品在商品上架前, 需做上市前的允許(Premarketing aproval);; 直到1994年通過添加物間康與教育法案(suppl.health and Education Act);; 任何標示食品補充劑需被允許是安全的, 直到在其它地方證明!!!.........y在2011年美國國防部就將DMAA在軍中基地去在軍中基地去除!!!(removed supplements containing the stimulant 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA) from military base);; 2014年冬季奧運有三個選手使用DMAA而被處罰!!!!
Epidemiologists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently confirmed what an astute liver-transplant surgeon in Honolulu already suspected: OxyElite Pro, a popular over-the-counter supplement, was responsible for a cluster of cases of severe hepatitis and liver failure.1 Although patients began to develop severe hepatitis in May 2013, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), whose job it is to remove dangerous supplements from store shelve, did not learn of the cases until mid-September, 4 months later. By February 2014, the CDC had linked 97 cases, resulting in 47 hospitalizations, three liver transplantations, and one death, to OxyElite Pro. This dietary supplement was recalled, but nothing has been done to prevent another supplement from causing organ failure or death. Nor have any changes been made to improve the FDA's ability to detect dangerous supplements.
The FDA's delayed response — with its life-threatening consequences — is attributable to our woefully inadequate system for monitoring supplement safety. Americans spend more than $32 billion a year on more than 85,000 different combinations of vitamins, minerals, botanicals, amino acids, probiotics, and other supplement ingredients. Unlike prescription medications, supplements do not require premarketing approval before they reach store shelves. Under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, anything labeled as a dietary supplement is assumed to be safe until proven otherwise. The FDA is charged with the unenviable task of identifying and removing dangerous supplements only after they have caused harm……….
……….. More than 500 supplements have already been found to be adulterated with pharmaceuticals or pharmaceutical analogues, including new stimulants, novel anabolic steroids, unapproved antidepressants, banned weight-loss medications, and untested sildenafil analogues………In 2013 alone, researchers discovered two new stimulants in widely marketed supplements. My colleagues and I identified a new analogue of methamphetamine, N,α-diethyl-phenylethylamine (N,α-DEPEA), in a popular sports supplement.3 FDA scientists discovered another stimulant, β-methylphenethylamine (β-MePEA) — a novel analogue of amphetamine — in nine supplements.4 N,α-DEPEA and β-MePEA have never been studied in humans, and their adverse effects are entirely unknown; yet they are sold as “natural” products without having undergone any premarketing testing for safety. (Although supplements containing N,α-DEPEA were voluntarily withdrawn from the market, supplements containing β-MePEA remain widely available.)……..
………in 2008, when a poorly manufactured multivitamin was responsible for more than 200 cases of selenium poisoning — with symptoms including diarrhea, fatigue, hair loss, and joint pain — local health departments cracked the case linking the illness to the multivitamin; MedWatch reports were irrelevant. More recently, in 2011, the Department of Defense removed supplements containing the stimulant 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA) from military bases because of safety concerns. It took the FDA an additional 16 months after the military ban to gather sufficient safety data from MedWatch to alert consumers about DMAA's risks. Despite a concerted effort by the FDA to remove the stimulant, DMAA remains in dozens of supplements. During the 2014 Winter Olympics, three Olympians were banned for using DMAA — all three reported inadvertently consuming it in supplements………..
What can be done? A bill currently being reviewed by committee, the Dietary Supplement Labeling Act, sponsored by Senators Dick Durbin (D-IL) and Richard Blumenthal (D-CT), would require supplement manufacturers to register their products with the FDA and to provide more safety information, such as information about known adverse effects, to consumers…………..
But even these ambitious changes would not prevent dangerous supplements from reaching consumers. If consumers and physicians are to have confidence that all supplements are safe, the law regulating supplements must be reformed. Every supplement ingredient should undergo rigorous safety testing before marketing. Until that happens, consumers and physicians cannot be assured that the pills, powders, and potions labeled as dietary supplements are safe for human consumption.
OxyElite Pro 仍在市面上暢銷,僅是將成分略做改變!!!b如將內含的咖啡因增加至135mg, 改為新配方::--因為事興奮劑與減肥 雕塑腹部脂肪填充劑----所以暢銷!!!FDAUS也無法可管?!
• To begin, there is no DMAA, or 1,3 Dimethylamylamine HCl.
While we maintain that it is still safe and effective when used properly, it is now banned in several countries outside of the US. This means that the original OxyELITE Pro was banned there as well. So USPLabs updated the product to have no DMAA, and replaced it with some other incredible thermogenic components.(B3agonists)
• Second, there’s now a bit more caffeine – 135mg per capsule. 2 capsules might hit you pretty hard, so start with 1! This was likely necessary due to the removal of DMAA.
• Next, there’s Noroclaurine HCl, also known as higenamine. The trade name of this formulation is “Norcoline™. ---阿里巴巴網站就有賣!!!—減肥劑 雕塑劑?!燃燒腹部脂肪的食品添加劑!!!
If this sounds familiar, it’s because this is the incredible new fat-burning stimulant that’s in Jack3d Micro. There’s way too much to discuss on this one, so if you want more information, see the Norcoclaurine / Higenamine page on Jack3dMicro.org, which has all sorts of charts and studies linked.
Short story – It’s a VERY safe, yet effective, fat targeting agent. Great for focus too!
• Aegeline – No doubt, this is the biggest question mark here.
Update: It turns out that my original analysis was a bit of a stretch. However, since Aegeline is a main player in Versa-1, the new anabolic supplement from USPLabs, we’ve been doing more research:
Aegle marmelos, commonly known as bael(The round to pear-shaped, yellowish edible fruit of a chiefly Indian tree (Aegle marmelos), used in southern Asia as a food and as a medicine to treat dysentery), Bengal quince,[1] golden apple,[1] stone apple, wood apple, bili,[2] is a species of tree native to India. It is present throughout Southeast Asia as a naturalized species.[3] The tree is considered to be sacred by Hindus. Its fruits are used in traditional medicine and as a food throughout its range
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李誠民
- 註冊會員
- 文章: 1467
- 註冊時間: 週三 6月 23, 2010 10:18 am
Re: 合法藥物與非法藥物的認知!!!
""【中央社台北三日電】行政院會今天通過「人類免疫缺乏病毒傳染防治及感染者權益保障條例」修正草案，增列因醫療必要性得未經同意逕行採檢對象，並取消對非本國籍感染者入境及停留、居留限制。
行政院會通過「人類免疫缺乏病毒傳染防治及感染者權益保障條例」部分條文修正草案，將函請立法院審議"".....這種公共議題,並未聽到"公聽會",; 就已經行政院會通過,逕赴立院等三讀!!!......
台灣為保障HIV carrier or AIDS 隱私權,造成防疫極大漏洞(--如輸血前,捐血人並未誠實告知等);; 現在又取消非本國及感染者的限制!!!(--卻沒配套措施!!!);; .....台灣夜店興奮劑,迷幻藥與毒品充斥!!!---前些天媒體報導::"送檢糖果,飲料等, 十件就有九件含安非他命, 類麻黃素等非法藥物!!!.....這還沒有Illicit drugs(Cocain-like or opiod-like drugs, 使用方法不同,價昂等因素!!!);; 夜店早上流行"撿屍"--酗酒,興奮劑 加上強姦藥物,台灣治安怎能不讓人擔喲!!!.......何況多是青 少年!!! 政府卻沒有盡到教育的責任!!!.....談到Illicit drugs(cocain-like or opiod-like drugs 或俗稱Crack 藥物,就可能是注射的!!!-----造成C-hepatitis or AIDS的擴散,....政府僅知立法,保障人權,; 卻沒配套措施---完全是教授治國(一群象牙塔裡的書呆子!!!).......
China is accused of “warehousing” and denying treatment to its illicit drug users
BMJ 2010; 340 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c101 (Published 7 January 2010)
Cite this as: BMJ 2010;340:c101
The compulsory incarceration強迫監禁 of drug users in China deprives detainees of treatment for their addiction and other diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV, and exposes them to forced labour and physical abuse, says a report by human rights campaigners.
Holding drug users in drug detention centres also exacerbates the transmission of HIV among injection drug users and into the wider community, say international organisation
...........
In China injecting drug users accounted for an estimated 27% of new cases of HIV infection reported in 2008, says data from UNAIDS. In addition, more than a third (38%) of the estimated 700 000 people infected with HIV in 2007 were former or current injection drug users.
Giovanni Nicotera, head of the project office of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in China, said that incarceration in drug detention centres exacerbates the risk of HIV transmission. “Our general advice is that closed settings are not conducive to the effective treatment and rehabilitation of drug users,” he said. “International evidence shows that incarceration does not diminish the likelihood of HIV transmission but increases it and therefore the spread to the community.”
中 南美洲許多國家,已經該放Illicit drugs, 主要原因是顯著減紹政府的腐敗行為(警察,獄警, 法官等收賄行為!!!);;更重要的 是顯著減少AIDS的擴散(至少減少50%以上!!!)......台灣政治人物應深思, 事件發生決不是這樣單純;; 就如同"反服貿" 或是活體器官移植法修訂,.......公共議題未能充分討論,就立法,只有製造問題!!!.......
法是落後國家的象徵!!!
行政院會通過「人類免疫缺乏病毒傳染防治及感染者權益保障條例」部分條文修正草案，將函請立法院審議"".....這種公共議題,並未聽到"公聽會",; 就已經行政院會通過,逕赴立院等三讀!!!......
台灣為保障HIV carrier or AIDS 隱私權,造成防疫極大漏洞(--如輸血前,捐血人並未誠實告知等);; 現在又取消非本國及感染者的限制!!!(--卻沒配套措施!!!);; .....台灣夜店興奮劑,迷幻藥與毒品充斥!!!---前些天媒體報導::"送檢糖果,飲料等, 十件就有九件含安非他命, 類麻黃素等非法藥物!!!.....這還沒有Illicit drugs(Cocain-like or opiod-like drugs, 使用方法不同,價昂等因素!!!);; 夜店早上流行"撿屍"--酗酒,興奮劑 加上強姦藥物,台灣治安怎能不讓人擔喲!!!.......何況多是青 少年!!! 政府卻沒有盡到教育的責任!!!.....談到Illicit drugs(cocain-like or opiod-like drugs 或俗稱Crack 藥物,就可能是注射的!!!-----造成C-hepatitis or AIDS的擴散,....政府僅知立法,保障人權,; 卻沒配套措施---完全是教授治國(一群象牙塔裡的書呆子!!!).......
China is accused of “warehousing” and denying treatment to its illicit drug users
BMJ 2010; 340 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c101 (Published 7 January 2010)
Cite this as: BMJ 2010;340:c101
The compulsory incarceration強迫監禁 of drug users in China deprives detainees of treatment for their addiction and other diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV, and exposes them to forced labour and physical abuse, says a report by human rights campaigners.
Holding drug users in drug detention centres also exacerbates the transmission of HIV among injection drug users and into the wider community, say international organisation
...........
In China injecting drug users accounted for an estimated 27% of new cases of HIV infection reported in 2008, says data from UNAIDS. In addition, more than a third (38%) of the estimated 700 000 people infected with HIV in 2007 were former or current injection drug users.
Giovanni Nicotera, head of the project office of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in China, said that incarceration in drug detention centres exacerbates the risk of HIV transmission. “Our general advice is that closed settings are not conducive to the effective treatment and rehabilitation of drug users,” he said. “International evidence shows that incarceration does not diminish the likelihood of HIV transmission but increases it and therefore the spread to the community.”
中 南美洲許多國家,已經該放Illicit drugs, 主要原因是顯著減紹政府的腐敗行為(警察,獄警, 法官等收賄行為!!!);;更重要的 是顯著減少AIDS的擴散(至少減少50%以上!!!)......台灣政治人物應深思, 事件發生決不是這樣單純;; 就如同"反服貿" 或是活體器官移植法修訂,.......公共議題未能充分討論,就立法,只有製造問題!!!.......
法是落後國家的象徵!!!